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{{nihongo|'''''Kōan'''''|公案}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|oʊ|æ|n|,_|-|ɑː|n}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</r The Japanese term ''kōan'' is the [[on'yomi|Sino-Japanese reading]] of the Chinese word ''gong'an''

==== Hua Tou and Kōan contemplation ==== {{Main|Kōan}}

...shihiko-Kuni-oshihito-no-Mikoto ({{lang|ja-Hani|大倭帯日子国押人命}}), or [[Emperor Kōan]] ({{lang|ja-Hani|孝安天皇}})'''

[[File:Koan Ogata 1901.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kōan Ogata]], a samurai, physician and rangaku scholar in late Edo period Japan,